Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the thin tissue covering the white of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. It can make the eyes look red or pink, watery or sticky. Infection, allergy and irritation are possible causes, and the treatment depends on which cause is most likely.

Is pink eye always contagious?

No. Infection-related conjunctivitis can spread, while allergic conjunctivitis is not contagious. Itching in both eyes with hay fever may suggest allergy; sticky discharge can occur with infection. These clues overlap, so they should not be used as a home diagnosis when symptoms are significant.

Avoid sharing towels, wash your hands before and after touching the eye area, and avoid rubbing. Do not share eye drops or use a product left over from someone else's illness. Ask for advice about contact lenses and eye makeup while symptoms are present.

For the Australian guidance behind this explanation, see Healthdirect Australia: Conjunctivitis (pink eye) - treatment, symptoms and causes | healthdirect.

What does a clinician need to know?

Explain whether one or both eyes are affected, when it began and whether there is discharge, pain or altered vision. Mention contact lenses, injury, chemical exposure and recent illness. A newborn with a red or sticky eye needs prompt medical assessment rather than treatment based on an adult's previous episode.

The clinician may examine the eyes and sometimes collect a sample. A video or photograph can show appearance but cannot reliably assess all causes of a red eye. Ask whether an in-person eye examination is needed and what changes should prompt urgent review.

Which signs need urgent attention?

Eye pain, sensitivity to light, reduced vision or a large amount of discharge needs urgent assessment. A painful red eye in a contact lens wearer also needs prompt care. Sudden vision loss is an emergency. Do not wait for an online response if vision is changing or assume pain is normal for conjunctivitis.

Where to go next

Read online doctor consultations to understand the relevant service. A doctor decides whether a consultation, examination, referral or another pathway is appropriate for your situation.