Dehydration

Dehydration occurs when the body does not have enough fluid for normal function. It can follow vomiting, diarrhoea, heat exposure or inadequate intake. Thirst, dry mouth, darker urine and passing urine less often are possible clues. Babies, older people and people who cannot drink independently may need earlier assessment.

Can I judge it by urine colour alone?

Urine colour is one clue, not a complete assessment. Consider fluid losses, how much you can drink, alertness and how often you pass urine. Some medicines, foods and health conditions affect urine appearance. A person can need urgent care even if a simple home check seems reassuring.

For a baby, changes in feeding and wet nappies are important. Tell the clinician about vomiting, diarrhoea, fever and the last time urine was passed. Do not assume a child who is unusually sleepy is merely tired from being unwell.

For the Australian guidance behind this explanation, see Healthdirect Australia: Dehydration - signs, symptoms and treatment - Healthdirect Australia.

What should I do?

If you can drink comfortably, take fluids regularly; small frequent amounts may be easier during nausea. A pharmacist or clinician can advise on suitable fluid replacement when vomiting or diarrhoea is involved. Infants need age-appropriate advice rather than an adult drinking plan.

People with a prescribed fluid restriction should seek individual advice before substantially changing intake. More water is not always safer. If you cannot keep fluids down or symptoms are getting worse, arrange prompt assessment rather than repeatedly trying home measures. A doctor may need to check circulation and blood or urine results.

When is dehydration serious?

Confusion, collapse, severe drowsiness, fast breathing or very little urine can indicate serious illness. Call 000 for life-threatening symptoms. A young baby with suspected dehydration needs prompt medical care. Telehealth can help direct you to the right service, but severe dehydration requires in-person assessment and sometimes hospital treatment.

Where to go next

Read online doctor consultations to understand the relevant service. A doctor decides whether a consultation, examination, referral or another pathway is appropriate for your situation.