Ear infection

An ear infection can affect different parts of the ear and may cause pain, discharge, fever or reduced hearing. Infections of the ear canal and middle ear are different conditions. A clinician usually needs to look inside the ear to identify the problem and decide what care is appropriate.

Why does the location matter?

Pain after swimming, an itchy ear canal and a painful ear during a cold can have different explanations. Earwax, skin irritation, injury and referred pain can also resemble infection. Symptoms alone cannot show whether the eardrum is intact or whether fluid is behind it.

Tell the clinician about discharge, hearing changes, recent swimming or flying, and anything put into the ear. Mention previous ear surgery or a known eardrum problem. For children, describe feeding, sleep and general behaviour as well as the pain.

For the Australian guidance behind this explanation, see Healthdirect Australia: Ear infection - otitis media and otitis externa - Healthdirect Australia.

What should I avoid doing?

Do not put cotton buds or other objects into the ear. Avoid using leftover ear products before checking whether they are suitable, especially if there is discharge or a possible eardrum perforation. A pharmacist or doctor can advise on comfort measures appropriate to age and health.

An examination with an otoscope may be needed even after an initial online discussion. Ask whether follow-up is needed if hearing remains reduced after the pain settles. Persistent discharge or repeated infections should not simply be managed by repeating the same treatment without reassessment.

When is it urgent?

Swelling, redness or pain behind the ear, or an ear pushed forward, needs urgent assessment. Sudden hearing loss, facial weakness, severe dizziness or significant illness also requires prompt care. Call 000 for life-threatening symptoms. Telehealth can help with triage and follow-up, but a standard video call cannot provide a reliable view of the ear canal and eardrum.

Where to go next

Read online doctor consultations to understand the relevant service. A doctor decides whether a consultation, examination, referral or another pathway is appropriate for your situation.