Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside it. It can cause pelvic pain, painful periods and other symptoms, although experiences vary. Pain that repeatedly disrupts work, study, sex or ordinary activities deserves assessment rather than being dismissed as a normal part of menstruation.

Which symptoms should I mention?

Pain may occur around periods, with sex, or when passing urine or opening the bowels. Some people have heavy bleeding, fatigue or difficulty becoming pregnant. Symptoms do not reliably show how extensive the condition is, and other pelvic conditions can occur alongside it.

A diary can link pain, bleeding and bowel or bladder changes to the menstrual cycle. Record the effect on daily tasks and what you have tried. Bring previous scan reports or specialist letters so the clinician can avoid making you reconstruct your whole history from memory.

For the Australian guidance behind this explanation, see Healthdirect Australia: Endometriosis - symptoms and treatment - Healthdirect Australia.

How is it investigated?

A doctor reviews the history and may recommend examination, ultrasound, other imaging or specialist assessment. The pathway depends on symptoms and circumstances. A normal initial scan does not necessarily explain persistent pain or rule out every form of endometriosis.

Discuss your priorities, such as symptom control, work participation or future pregnancy. Treatment choices should take these goals into account. Ask who will coordinate follow-up and what the next step is if the first approach does not help. Long-term care may involve more than one health professional.

When is pelvic pain urgent?

Sudden severe pain, collapse, heavy bleeding or pain with possible pregnancy needs urgent assessment. Fever or marked deterioration also needs prompt care. Do not assume a new severe episode is endometriosis just because you have an established diagnosis. Telehealth can support discussion and ongoing review, but examination and investigations may be essential.

Where to go next

Read online doctor consultations to understand the relevant service. A doctor decides whether a consultation, examination, referral or another pathway is appropriate for your situation.