Headache

Headache is pain in any part of the head. Common patterns include tension-type headache and migraine, but infections, eye problems, injury and other conditions can also cause it. The onset, pattern and accompanying symptoms determine urgency. A sudden severe headache or headache with new neurological symptoms requires emergency assessment.

What should a headache diary include?

Record when headaches occur, how long they last, where the pain is and what happens alongside it. Note nausea, light sensitivity, visual symptoms and the effect on normal activities. Include sleep, menstrual timing and what you used for relief, without assuming every association is a trigger.

Tell the doctor if the pattern is new or changing. Mention pregnancy, recent head injury, fever and any cancer or immune-related history. A familiar migraine diagnosis does not automatically explain an episode that is markedly different.

For the Australian guidance behind this explanation, see Healthdirect Australia: Headaches - types, causes, migraines, treatment and prevention.

Will I need a scan?

A clinician decides from the history and examination. Most headaches do not automatically require imaging, but specific warning signs can change that. A normal scan does not replace a discussion about ongoing symptoms and a workable management plan.

Ask how to manage an episode and whether preventive strategies are appropriate. Frequent use of pain-relief treatments can itself become relevant, so provide an accurate list rather than only mentioning prescriptions. Do not copy another person's headache plan or assume a stronger product is the next step.

When should I get urgent help?

Call 000 for a sudden severe headache, new weakness, speech difficulty, collapse, confusion or a seizure. Headache with fever and neck stiffness, major vision changes or after significant injury needs urgent assessment. During pregnancy or after birth, a new severe headache also needs prompt care. Telehealth can support stable follow-up, but cannot replace an examination when these warning signs are present.

Where to go next

Read Doccio information about migraine to understand the relevant service. A doctor decides whether a consultation, examination, referral or another pathway is appropriate for your situation.