Phimosis

Phimosis means the foreskin cannot be comfortably drawn back over the head of the penis. A non-retractile foreskin can be normal in young children, while new tightness or scarring in an adult needs assessment. It should not be forced back. Pain, infection or difficulty passing urine changes the urgency.

When is tightness a problem?

Symptoms such as painful erections, repeated inflammation, cracking or difficulty cleaning may warrant review. A doctor considers age, previous retractability and whether there is scarring. The fact that a child's foreskin does not retract is not, by itself, proof that treatment is needed.

Tell the clinician whether the change is new, whether urine flows normally and whether there has been swelling or discharge. Mention previous episodes of balanitis and any skin condition. These details help distinguish a developmental pattern from acquired tightness or another problem.

For the Australian guidance behind this explanation, see Healthdirect Australia: Balanitis and balanoposthitis - causes and treatment - Healthdirect Australia.

What should I do about hygiene?

Use gentle care and do not force retraction. If the foreskin retracts comfortably, return it to its usual position after washing. Ask a clinician about suitable cleaning for a child rather than applying adult routines or trying to stretch it forcefully.

Treatment depends on symptoms and findings. A doctor may discuss different options and whether specialist review is needed. Surgery is not an automatic conclusion from the word phimosis. Avoid using someone else's skin treatment or an internet stretching programme without assessment, particularly when there is pain or scarring.

What is paraphimosis?

This occurs when a retracted foreskin becomes trapped behind the head of the penis and cannot return to its usual position. It requires urgent medical care, especially with swelling or pain. Inability to pass urine also needs urgent assessment. Telehealth can help with the initial discussion, but direct examination may be required and an emergency should not wait for a routine booking.

Related Australian guidance: The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne: Penis and foreskin care.

Where to go next

Read online doctor consultations to understand the relevant service. A doctor decides whether a consultation, examination, referral or another pathway is appropriate for your situation.