Runny nose

A runny nose means fluid or mucus is draining from the nose. It can occur with a cold, influenza, allergy or irritation. The timing, triggers and accompanying symptoms help identify the likely cause. Persistent one-sided discharge, breathing difficulty or symptoms after a head injury need particular attention.

Is it a cold or hay fever?

Itchy eyes, repeated sneezing and a pattern linked to exposure may suggest allergy. Fever, aches or a recent sick contact may suggest infection. These clues overlap and do not provide certainty. Mucus colour alone does not tell you whether a prescription is needed.

Note whether symptoms affect one or both sides and whether there is blockage, facial pain, reduced smell or a cough. Tell the clinician about new products, smoke exposure and any nasal treatment already used. A persistent pattern deserves review rather than repeated self-treatment without a diagnosis.

For the Australian guidance behind this explanation, see Healthdirect Australia: Runny nose - treatment - Healthdirect Australia.

What can I do for comfort?

Gentle nasal care and avoiding a known irritant may help. Ask a pharmacist or clinician about suitable options for your age and health. Follow directions carefully, especially for products that should only be used for a limited period.

If an infection is possible, consider hand hygiene and reducing contact with vulnerable people while unwell. If allergy is suspected, discuss the whole pattern, including eye symptoms and asthma. Telehealth can help with this history, but a nasal examination may be necessary for unusual or persistent symptoms.

When should I seek prompt care?

Severe headache, visual changes, substantial nosebleeding or facial swelling needs prompt assessment. Fluid or blood from the nose after a significant head injury is urgent. Call 000 for severe breathing difficulty or life-threatening deterioration. In a child, one-sided foul-smelling discharge may suggest an object in the nose and should be assessed rather than probed at home.

Where to go next

Read Doccio information about hay fever to understand the relevant service. A doctor decides whether a consultation, examination, referral or another pathway is appropriate for your situation.