Sore throat

A sore throat is pain or irritation in the throat, often worse when swallowing. Respiratory viruses are common causes, but bacterial infection, irritation and other conditions can also contribute. Symptoms and examination guide care. Difficulty breathing or swallowing saliva is an urgent warning sign and should not wait for a routine online appointment.

Can I tell whether it is bacterial?

Not reliably from appearance alone. Redness, swollen tonsils or white spots can occur with different infections. A clinician considers age, fever, cough, exposure and other features, and may recommend a throat swab. A prescription is not automatic for every sore throat.

Tell the doctor whether pain is one-sided, whether your voice has changed and whether you can open your mouth normally. Mention rash, neck swelling, prolonged fatigue and reduced immunity. A photograph can help describe the throat, but it cannot replace every part of an examination.

For the Australian guidance behind this explanation, see Healthdirect Australia: Sore throat (pharyngitis) - symptoms, treatments and causes | healthdirect.

What can I do while waiting for advice?

Drink fluids that are comfortable to swallow and rest as needed. A pharmacist or clinician can advise on suitable symptom relief, particularly for children, pregnancy or people taking regular medicines. Do not share or reuse an old prescription.

If symptoms persist, recur or worsen after initially improving, arrange review. Ask how to reduce spread and when it is appropriate to return to work or school. A certificate, if requested, depends on a doctor's assessment of your circumstances and does not replace care for the illness itself.

When should I seek urgent care?

Difficulty breathing, drooling, inability to swallow saliva or liquids, severe neck swelling or marked deterioration needs urgent assessment. Call 000 for severe breathing difficulty or reduced consciousness. Severe one-sided pain with a muffled voice or difficulty opening the mouth also needs prompt examination. Telehealth can help with triage when symptoms are stable, but airway concerns require direct care.

Where to go next

Read Doccio information about cold and flu to understand the relevant service. A doctor decides whether a consultation, examination, referral or another pathway is appropriate for your situation.