Thrush

Thrush is an infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida yeast. The term can refer to different body sites, including the vagina or mouth. Vaginal thrush commonly causes itching, irritation and altered discharge. Similar symptoms can have other causes, so a first episode or recurring symptoms should be assessed.

How do I know whether it is vaginal thrush?

Symptoms may suggest it, but appearance alone is unreliable. Bacterial vaginosis, irritation, skin conditions and sexually transmitted infections can overlap. A clinician may recommend examination or a swab, especially if symptoms are new, atypical or keep returning.

Mention pain, odour, bleeding, urinary symptoms and pregnancy possibility. Tell the clinician about recent treatment and whether it helped. Do not assume that every episode of itching is the same infection simply because an earlier episode was called thrush.

For the Australian guidance behind this explanation, see Healthdirect Australia: Vaginal thrush - Healthdirect Australia.

What about thrush in the mouth?

Oral thrush can produce white patches, soreness or an altered taste. It needs assessment in its own context, including contributing health conditions and recent treatments. A product intended for one body site is not automatically appropriate for another.

For vaginal symptoms, avoid douching and irritating fragranced products. A pharmacist or doctor can advise on suitable treatment after checking the circumstances. Seek medical advice during pregnancy and for persistent or recurrent symptoms. Ask whether an underlying contributor needs investigation rather than repeatedly buying the same product.

When should I seek prompt care?

Pelvic pain, fever, significant bleeding, difficulty swallowing or feeling generally unwell needs assessment. These are not symptoms to dismiss as uncomplicated thrush. Telehealth can help review the history and decide on testing, but direct examination may be necessary. A doctor decides whether treatment is appropriate and what to do if symptoms fail to settle.

Where to go next

Read online doctor consultations to understand the relevant service. A doctor decides whether a consultation, examination, referral or another pathway is appropriate for your situation.