Tonsillitis

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils at the back of the throat, commonly caused by a viral or bacterial infection. It can cause a sore throat, painful swallowing, fever and swollen neck glands. The appearance of the tonsils alone does not reliably establish which treatment is needed.

Do white spots mean a bacterial infection?

Not necessarily. Different infections can produce similar throat appearances. A clinician considers symptoms, age, exposure and examination findings, and may recommend a swab. A photograph can help describe what you see but is not a complete throat assessment.

Tell the doctor whether you can swallow fluids and saliva, whether pain is worse on one side, and whether your voice or ability to open your mouth has changed. Mention a rash, prolonged fatigue or recurrent episodes. These details may suggest the need for examination or a different investigation.

For the Australian guidance behind this explanation, see Healthdirect Australia: Tonsillitis - symptoms and treatment - Healthdirect Australia.

What can help while I arrange advice?

Take fluids you can comfortably swallow and rest as needed. A pharmacist or clinician can advise on age-appropriate symptom relief. Do not use someone else's prescription or assume that treatment from a previous sore throat suits this episode.

If episodes recur, keep a record of dates, diagnoses, treatment and missed school or work. That history can help a doctor decide whether specialist assessment is appropriate. Ask when to seek review if symptoms persist or worsen, and follow current advice about reducing the spread of infection.

When is it urgent?

Difficulty breathing, drooling, inability to swallow saliva or severe deterioration requires urgent care. Call 000 for severe breathing difficulty or reduced consciousness. Marked one-sided swelling, a muffled voice or difficulty opening the mouth needs prompt in-person assessment. Telehealth can help with triage, but cannot safely replace examination when airway problems or a deeper infection are possible.

Where to go next

Read online doctor consultations to understand the relevant service. A doctor decides whether a consultation, examination, referral or another pathway is appropriate for your situation.